Public service law in the United Kingdom
Public service law in the United Kingdom concerns the ownership, regulation and potentially competition in the provision of public services in the United Kingdom.
Nationalisation and competition
Constitutional and administrative law
Public safety
- Fire
- Police
- Prisons
Income insurance
- Pensions
- Unemployment insurance
Education
- Schools
- Education Act 1833
- Public Schools Act 1868, following the Clarendon Commission removed charity schools from government or education department oversight, and now the main "UK private schools
- Elementary Education Act 1870, five to twelve year olds, school boards providing universal primary education
- Education Act 1902 abolished 2568 school boards and instituted 328 local education authorities in their place, following the Cockerton judgment
- Education (Provision of Meals) Act 1906, introduced free school meals
- Education (Administrative Provisions) Act 1907, medical services
- Education Act 1918, school leaving age raised to 14, maximum class size of 30
- Education Act 1944, attempted foundation of tripartite secondary school system, every child got free school meals, until 1949 when it was 2.5 pence
- Education Reform Act 1988, schools could remove themselves from LEA oversight and become "grant maintained" by central government, headteachers getting financial control, academic tenure abolished, national curriculum with key stages, league tables
- Education Act 1996, teacher training, and opt out from student union
- School Standards and Framework Act 1998, 30 infant pupil class size limit, replaced "grant maintained schools" with "foundation status" meaning money is channelled from central government through the LEA, restrictions on selection
- Learning and Skills Act 2000 and Education Act 2002 and Academies Act 2010 allowed for academies outside national curriculum and autonomy over teacher pay
- Education Act 2005, Ofsted inspections
- Education and Inspections Act 2006, trust schools
- Higher education
- Libraries
Health
Housing
Transport
- Roads
- Buses
- Rail
- Airports
- Waterways
Energy and water
- Gas and electricity
- Water
Communications
- Post
- Broadcasting
- Telegraph
- Telephones
- National Telephone Company, a monopoly nationalised in 1911
- British Telecommunications Act 1981, splitting telephony from the post office
- Telecommunications Act 1984, privatising British telecom and establishing a regulator
Banking
Waste and environment
- Sanitation
- Air
- Waste
- Land management
Industry and manufacturing
- British Petroleum 1974, the combination of a 50% stake bought by Winston Churchill as First Lord of the Admiralty after World War I with around a 25% stake acquired by the Bank of England from Burmah Oil made the UK Government directly or indirectly BP's majority shareholder, though commercial independence was maintained
- Coal Commission 1933, National Coal Board then British Coal
- British Steel 1967
- British Leyland Motor Corporation 1976 became British Leyland upon nationalisation. Privatised in 1986 to British Aerospace.
- British Aerospace 1977, combining the major aircraft companies British Aircraft Corporation, Hawker Siddeley and others. British Shipbuilders - combining the major shipbuilding companies including Cammell Laird, Govan Shipbuilders, Swan Hunter, Yarrow Shipbuilders
- Rolls-Royce (1971) Ltd
Private sector standards
See also
Notes
References
- Tony Prosser, The limits of competition law (2004)
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